Which Standard Applies to Your Ride? EN 13814, CE, GB 8408 and ASTM

In short: A standard, a certification and CE marking are three different things. What EN 13814, GB 8408 and ASTM F2291 each cover, and what your market requires.

Three words that get confused

Most misunderstandings about ride compliance come from using these three words as if they meant the same thing. They do not.

TermWhat it isWho produces itWhat it does not prove
StandardA technical document defining loads, safety factors, clearances and verification methods — e.g. EN 13814, GB 8408, ASTM F2291 A standards body (CEN, SAC, ASTM) That a specific ride complies with it
CertificationThird-party verification that a design, a product or a quality system meets a requirement An accredited body (TÜV, SGS, a notified body) That the ride is safe in every jurisdiction — certification is scoped to what was assessed
CE markingA manufacturer’s declaration that the product meets applicable EU legislation, supported by a technical file The manufacturer (self-declaration), with a notified body involved only for certain categories That anyone inspected the ride before it shipped

Once those three are separated, the rest of the question becomes answerable: which standard applies, what certification your authority accepts, and whether the supplier can produce the technical file behind the CE declaration.

EN 13814 — what it actually covers

EN 13814 is the European standard for fairground and amusement park machinery and structures. It is published in parts, covering the design and manufacture of the structure, the requirements for operation and maintenance, and the inspection required at the design stage.

In practice it governs:

  • Load assumptions — dead load, passenger live load, wind, snow where relevant, braking and emergency-stop loads, and dynamic effects from motion.
  • Safety factors and allowable stress — how much margin must exist between the calculated load and the material capacity.
  • Clearances and restraint geometry — the envelope around the ride path and the way passengers are held.
  • Verification and documentation — what calculations, drawings and test records must exist, and who must review them.

What EN 13814 does not do is certify anything. It tells a designer how to verify a structure. A ride can be designed to EN 13814 and still not be legal in your country, if your country requires a different approval route.

Turning those load cases into member sizes is a separate step, described in how those load cases are calculated.

CE marking — a declaration, not an inspection

CE marking means the manufacturer declares that the product conforms to the applicable EU legislation — for machinery, primarily the Machinery Directive and its successor regulation. The declaration is supported by a technical file: risk assessment, calculations, drawings, test records and a declaration of conformity.

For most ride categories this is a self-declaration. That surprises buyers who assume CE means “inspected and approved by the EU”. It does not. What it means is that the manufacturer has taken on the legal responsibility for conformity, and can be challenged on it.

Two practical consequences:

  • A CE declaration is only as good as the technical file behind it. Ask for the file, not only the sticker.
  • CE is for the EU/EEA market. It does not grant access to the US, the Gulf, Brazil or most of Asia — those markets have their own routes.

The technical file is only credible if the records behind it exist; the inspection records behind the file are set out on the quality assurance page.

EN 13814 is commonly used as the design basis for a ride that is then CE marked, because it is a harmonised standard for this equipment type. That is a relationship of convenience, not identity: one is the design rule, the other is the market-access declaration.

GB 8408 — the Chinese standard

GB 8408 is the Chinese national standard for large amusement rides. It covers load combinations, safety factors and verification in a way broadly comparable to EN 13814, but the details differ — and those differences matter if your authority assesses against it.

Two points buyers should know:

  • In China, large amusement rides are regulated as special equipment. That means a statutory inspection regime, not only a manufacturer’s declaration. Installation in China requires the domestic route.
  • A ride built for the Chinese market is not automatically acceptable in Europe, and the reverse is also true. The design basis has to match the destination.

For export projects we normally design to the destination standard. Tell us the destination country at inquiry stage and it is settled before the quotation, not after production — see how the destination shapes the design.

ASTM F2291 — the US route

In the United States, ASTM F2291 is the commonly referenced design standard for amusement rides and devices. It is a design and verification standard, not a market authorisation.

Market access in the US runs largely through state-level regulation: several states require review by a professional engineer and their own permitting process, and requirements differ from state to state. A US project therefore needs the destination state identified early.

What your destination actually requires

This table is a starting point for the conversation, not legal advice. Regulations change, and your local authority has the final word.

DestinationTypical design basisMarket access routeThird party usually involved
European UnionEN 13814CE marking + technical file Notified body for certain categories; often none for others
United KingdomEN 13814 (as adopted)UKCA, or CE accepted under current transitional policySame as EU in practice
ChinaGB 8408Special equipment route: type test and statutory inspectionYes — statutory inspection body
United StatesASTM F2291State-level permitting, often with professional engineer reviewVaries by state
Russia / EAEUEN 13814 commonly used as design basis EAC conformity under the customs union technical regulations Accredited certification body
Saudi Arabia / GulfEN 13814 commonly referenced SASO / SABER certificatesYes
BrazilEN 13814 or ASTM as project basisINMETRO where applicable Yes
Southeast Asia, Africa, much of Latin America Frequently EN 13814, sometimes the manufacturer’s national standard Project-specific approval; third-party inspection reports are commonly accepted Often SGS, TÜV or a nominated inspector

If your country is not listed, send us the name of the authority that will approve the installation. That is usually enough to work out which route applies.

How we handle it in a project

  1. Destination confirmed at inquiry stage. Not at shipping stage — the standard decides the load cases, and the load cases decide the structure.
  2. Design basis stated in the quotation. The quote names the standard the ride will be designed to, so there is no ambiguity later.
  3. Calculation report issued before manufacturing drawings. If the numbers change, they change before steel is cut.
  4. Technical file compiled for market access. Calculations, drawings, material certificates, test records and the declaration — the package your authority or notified body will ask for.
  5. Third-party inspection arranged on request. SGS, TÜV or your nominee, at whatever stage your contract requires.

What we do not do is claim that one certificate covers every market. It does not exist, and a supplier who says otherwise has either misunderstood the rules or is hoping you will not check.

Our quality management system is certified to GB/T 19001-2016 / ISO 9001:2015 under certificate HQ-Q20268921 — that is a management-system certificate, not a product certificate, and it does not replace the design verification described above. The records it produces are described on the quality assurance page.

Five common misconceptions

1. “CE means it passed an EU inspection”

No. For most ride categories CE is a manufacturer’s self-declaration supported by a technical file. Ask to see the file.

2. “CE is valid worldwide”

No. CE covers the EU/EEA. The US, China, the Gulf, Brazil and others each have their own route.

3. “EN 13814 certified”

EN 13814 is a standard, not a certificate. The correct phrasing is “designed and verified to EN 13814”. Anyone offering “EN 13814 certification” is describing a third-party assessment, which is a different thing — ask which body issued it and what scope it covers.

4. “A Chinese factory cannot meet EN 13814”

A standard constrains the design and the verification, not the country of manufacture. What matters is whether the load cases were calculated, the drawings match the calculation, and the records exist. That is checkable, and it is what an inspector will check.

5. “GB 8408 and EN 13814 are the same, just translated”

They are comparable in scope but not identical in load combinations, safety factors and inspection regime. A design cannot be assumed to satisfy both without checking.

Frequently asked questions

Which standard will my ride be designed to?

The one that applies in your destination country, agreed at inquiry stage and written into the quotation. For EU destinations that is normally EN 13814.

Can you provide the CE technical file?

Yes — calculations, drawings, risk assessment, material certificates, test records and the declaration of conformity, as a package for the market-access process.

Do you arrange third-party inspection?

On request. SGS, TÜV or a nominee of your choice, at whatever production stage your contract specifies. We schedule the trial run around their availability.

Is CE marking enough for my country?

Usually not. CE is an EU/EEA market-access declaration. Most other markets require their own approval or certification, even where they accept EN 13814 as the design basis.

What if my authority requires a standard you do not normally work to?

Tell us at inquiry stage. Designing to a different standard changes the load cases and possibly the structure — it is workable before production, and expensive after.

Do you provide documentation in our language?

The operation and maintenance manual can be supplied in the destination language. The calculation report and drawings are normally in English.

Can one ride be certified for several markets at once?

Sometimes, when the design bases overlap and the documentation is prepared for each route separately. It is more expensive and slower than designing for one market, so it works best when the destination is genuinely undecided.

Back to the engineering overview →

This page describes common practice and is not legal advice. Regulations change; your local authority has the final decision on market access.

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